How Sustainable Are Solar Panels?
We believe Solar has a huge part to play if New Zealand is to meet it’s 2025 target of 90% renewable energy.
You may have heard some myths like, ‘solar panels take more energy to make than they produce’, or, ‘the carbon footprint of solar panels is more than the carbon they will ever offset’. These are not true!
All manufacturing uses energy and has a carbon footprint, solar panels are no exception.
Renewable generation pays back its carbon footprint during its operation. Unlike fossil fuels, which require carbon intensive fuel for the life of the system.
Carbon Footprint:
Manufacturing
Electric furnaces use lots of energy to melt silicon in the manufacturing process. The carbon footprint of solar panels will vary, depending on the amount of renewable electricity generation at the manufacturing location.
QCells are produced in South Korea, where 31% of their electricity is renewable. Most other modules are produced in China where around 27% of their electricity is renewable.
Solar panel factories also tend to have solar installations on site, providing their own sustainable energy.
Carbon offsetting
Coal and Geothermal power plants cannot react quickly to power demand. Gas generators(Peakers) are used to quickly meet demand on the New Zealand Grid.
Solar generation used in the home or exported to the grid actually offsets high carbon Gas generation.
Solar generation has a big impact on carbon emissions, even though our grid is benefitted from a high percentage of renewable power. In 2021 the New Zealand grid was dirtier than it has been in a long time, ‘ In the second quarter of 2021 the proportion of electricity generation from renewable sources was 74.9 per cent. This is the lowest renewable share since 2013.’
Carbon Payback
A 2015 study by the University of Canterbury estimated it takes between 2-7 years to pay back the CO2 from the manufacturing of a solar panel when installed in New Zealand.
Since 2015, solar panel manufacturing has become much more efficient and the grids are getting greener in manufacturing locations. So we are confident this has been dramatically reduced.
Energy payback:
Mono-crystalline solar panels are the most widely used technology. To produce solar panels it takes lots of energy to melt silicon used in the cells. Other technologies are being developed which use a fraction of the energy, but these aren’t yet commercially available and aren’t quite as efficient.
QCells estimate their panels take about 1.5 years to pay back the energy it took to produce.
With an operating period of around 30 years, that’s a good 28.5 years of renewable energy generation.
Recycling:
Solar panel components are all regularly recycled materials.
People often ask, ‘what will happen with the solar panels at the end of their life?’. The answer is, they will most likely be recycled.
In the future there will be enough old solar systems to make a recycling plant commercially viable. New Zealand has a relatively small uptake of solar so far (around 2%), but we expect to follow Australia where around 30% of households have solar.
The Key Message:
The most sustainable solar system is one that operates efficiently and lasts a long time.
Replacing a system before the end of its design life will have double the carbon footprint of installing a quality one first time.
By using an experienced designer, experienced installation team and quality products for your solar system, you can ensure your system will last, operate well and be sustainable.
If you are interested in solar or storage, fill out your details below and we will be in touch.